P.K. SHARMA

Cyber security intelligence, AI governance, practitioner analysis

← Pattern library

PIP-007

Invisible text

The payload is present in the content but not visible to a person reviewing it.

ObfuscationWeb pageRetrieved documentEmail or messageImagemedium severity

How it works

Text is hidden using presentation rather than encoding: matching the background colour, zero or near-zero font size, positioning outside the viewport, markup comments, document metadata, or alternative text. A parser reads it; a reviewer does not.

Why it works

Human review operates on rendered output while the model consumes the source. Any gap between what is rendered and what is parsed is available to an attacker.

What it looks like

Ordinary instruction text placed in a region of the document that contributes nothing to visual rendering.

Described rather than reproduced. This library publishes mechanisms, not payloads: recognising a class of attack and choosing a control does not require a working copy of it.

Defences

  • Normalise before the model sees it

    Raises cost

    Extract and canonicalise text at ingestion so the model receives what a reader would see. Strip comments, metadata and non-rendering regions rather than passing raw markup through.

  • Review the extracted text, not the document

    Raises cost

    Where a human approves content for indexing, show them the text the model will actually receive. Reviewing the rendered document approves something different from what is used.

Framework mapping

  • LLM01:2025 · OWASP LLM Top 10
  • AML.T0051.001 · MITRE ATLAS

Mappings are asserted only where the identifier is known correct, and omitted where uncertain. Last reviewed 2026-08-03.

Others in obfuscation

← All patterns